Contributions offered by Paul Blain Levy for topics D (verification methods) Call-by-observable is a new paradigm (based on, but different from Moggi's monad approach) that subsumes the call-by-name and call-by-value paradigms, in the following sense: both operational and denotational semantics for those paradigms can be seen as arising, via translations that we will provide, from similar semantics for call-by-observable. To explain call-by-observable, we first discuss general operational ideas, especially the distinction between values and computations, using the principle that ``a value is, a computation does''. Using an example program, we see that the lambda-calculus primitives can be understood as push/pop commands for an operand-stack. We provide operational and denotational semantics for a range of computational effects and show their agreement. We hence obtain semantics for call-by-name and call-by-value, of which some are familiar, some are new and some were known but previously appeared mysterious. -------------------------------------------------------------- Result of feedback form submitted by Levy (pbl@dcs.qmw.ac.uk) on Thursday, July 23, 1998 at 20:29:5